While shoes may or may not be the reason behind calf cramps, I agree with the above. In my limited experience and based on a conversation with a physio that is currently treating me, how frequently you should replace your running shoes depends on the shoe, type of surfaces you run on, your weight and running style. There are YouTube videos that demonstrate simple tests you can carry out on your shoes to see if the cushioning is still working or not, for example.
I have a pair of Nike Pegasus 35 and the sides of the soles already had wrinkles when I checked at ~350km. I wasn't expecting them to be so bad but only checked when I noticed a different kind of knee pain than the one I have pretty much all the time. Shocking to see such compression so early, especially given I am not as heavy as I used to be and the shoe is advertised as an "all-rounder". On the other hand, I have a pair of Saucony Ride ISO that I retired from running at 600km but still use them a lot for walking. No wrinkles to date and still very comfortable. My other pair of the same brand/model is at ~650km and still passes all the tests so I continue to run in them.
I don't usually get them while running but frequently get cramps in my calf (usually left) several hours after a really long run (16km or half marathon). I put it down to lack of post-run stretching and dehydration. The only times I felt my calves were going to cramp mid-run was when I had no option but to run up ridiculously steep mountain roads and back down while on holiday. Thankfully it never happened but my calves definitely felt on the verge of cramping. It used to happen running downhill when my strides got much longer than normal and I was having to apply a lot of braking force with each step to avoid building an uncontrollable speed and falling over.
Not sure if this gives you any clues ... change in stride length recently? Subconsciously putting more pressure on the toes or front part of the foot instead of middle and heal, possibly due to overused shoes?